This mood is used quite widely in daily conversation, especially the first person singular and plural forms. The Subjunctive Mood gives a sense of doubt, uncertainty or wish. - Let me, Let us or in the negative - Let me not, Let us not
The third person forms are also used regularly. Should a secretary say to the boss that Ahmet bey has arrived then the answer might be - Let him wait or Let him come in then in these cases the Subjunctive Mood would be used.
The special third person form of the Imperative is also used quite a lot for wishes and desire, especially in Formula Speak - For instance if a person is ill we will say - I hope he gets better soon.
Turkish however will say - Geçmiş olsun - I hope it passes quickly - [Lit: May it pass (from you)]
The Subjunctive Mood Sign is -a or -e which is added to the basic verb stem - according to Vowel Harmony Rules: If the bare verb stem ends in a vowel then the Subjunctive Mood Sign becomes -ya or -ye (Uses buffer letter -y-)
The Personal Endings for the Subjunctive mood are as follows:
Subjunctive Mood Sign is -e for verbs whose last vowel is -e, -i, -ö, -ü
Mood Sign -a is used for verbs whose last vowel is -a, -ı, -o, -u
As the Mood Sign is -a or -e - Then it follows that there are only two forms of the Personal Endings as shown above for the Subjunctive (again due to vowel harmony rules).
-eyim - let me or -ayım - let me
-esin - let you or -asın - let you
-e - let him or -a - let him
-elim - let us or -alım - let us
-esiniz - let you or -asınız - let you
-eler - let them or -alar - let them
All the above will use buffer letter -y- when being added to a verb stem ending in a vowel.
Thus -eyim becomes -yeyim [after a vowel] etc
bekleyeyim - [bekle-y-eyim] - let me wait
almayalım - [alma -y -alım] - let us not take
Consequently it can be seen that all negative verbs will have this buffer letter as the negative verb end in a vowel.
The third person singular and plural also have an ending suffix -sin and -sinler. This is discussed in The Imperative Mood.
gelmek - to come - becomes - gel-e-yim - I better come
geleyim - let me come, I better come
gelesin - let you come, you should come along
gele - let him come, he should come
gelelim - let us come, we better come
gelesiniz - let you come, you come along
geleler - let them come, they ought to come too
bakmak - to look - becomes - bak-a-yım - let me look
koşmak - to run - koşasın - let him run
bulmak - to find - bula - let him find
çıkmak - to leave - çıkalım - lets go!
kaçmak - to escape, to leave - kaçasınız - off you go!
korkmak - to be afraid - korkalar - let them fear
In the case of verb stems which end in a vowel -(including all negative verbs) - then -ye or -ya is used - (buffer letter -y)
aramak - to look for - arayalım - [ara -ya -lım] - let us look for (it)
beklemek - to wait, to expect - bekleyeyim - [bekle -ye -yim] - let me wait etc.
The Negative Form of all the above then become:
gitmemek - not to go - gitmeyelim - lets not go
bakmamak - not to look - Ahmet mektuba bakmaya - Let Ahmet not look at the letter
-This is not an order but a wish - Hopefully Ahmet will not look at the letter, but
bulmamak - not to find - bulmayalar - Hopefully they won't find it.
beklememek - not to wait - beklemeyeyim - I'd better not wait.
The Interrogative Particle mi? or mı? is written separately but obeys Vowel Harmony Rules:
geleyim mi? - should I come (too)?
yürüyelim mi? - should we walk?
yürümeyelim mi? - shouldn't we walk?
gideler mi? - Should they go (then)?
The Past tense of the Subjunctive Mood gives the sense of: I wish that I had, If only we had, etc. And the negative: I wish that I hadn't, If only they hadn't.
etc. Then adding the Definite Past Tense personal endings the to Subjunctive Mood base we arrive at:
gideydim [gide -idim] - if only I had gone
Ahmet gelmeyeydi [gelmeye -idi] - If only Ahmet hadn't come (along) - The spelling gelmiyeydi is also found.
arayaydık [araya -idik] - If only we had looked for (it)
This structure has the suffix -li - containing - added to the Subjunctive Verb Stem i.e. Gide plus -li becomes gideli. The subject person is also stated and the tense is taken from the final main verb
Other ways of saying since are as follows:
-eli, -eli beri, -eliden beri - since
All these mean - Since we came to Istanbul it has not rained. except the last example - Since they came to Istanbul it has not rained.
Biz İstanbul'a geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı.
Biz İstanbul'a geleli beri hiç yağmur yağmadı.
Biz İstanbul'a geleliden beri hiç yağmur yağmadı.
"since" can also be translated as -di(X) -eli where the person is taken from the tense sign:
Mehmet İstanbul'a geldi geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı.
(Ben) İstanbul'a geldim geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı.
(Siz) İstanbul'a geldiniz geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı.
(Biz) İstanbul'a geldik geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı.
(Onlar) İstanbul'a geldiler geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı
The last five examples do not really need the subject - Ben, Siz Biz or Onlar stated as it is already evident from the verb endings - geldi, geldim, geldiniz, geldik and geldikler.
From the meanings given above it can be seen that this mood can have a wide interpretation in usage and translation which can only be obtained by practice and observation.