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Apocopating Nouns in Turkish
This is a comprehensive list of Turkish nouns which lose their final vowel when a suffix which itself begins with a vowel is added to the noun.
Let us take an example: izin - leave, time off - becomes izn-im - my leave (ie the final vowel of the noun is dropped when adding a suffix which begins in a vowel.
Examples of Usage
iznim - my leave - iznimden - (izn-im-den) - since my time off..
The Final Vowel in the noun is lost when adding -im suffix (which begins with a vowel) - my..
izindeyim - (izin-de-yim) - I am on leave..
Here the vowel of izin is not lost as the first suffix -de begins with a consonant
Some Further Examples of Possessive Adjectives being added
fikrimiz - our idea - from fikir
keyfi - his/her joy - from keyif
oğlum - my son - from oğul
boynu - his neck - from boyun
nakdi - his transport - from nakit
ahdi - his injunction - from ahit
Note: In the last two examples above that the final consonant -t has Mutated to its soft form -d.
The rules of Consonant Mutation are still observed in the reduced form of the noun.
kaybı - his loss - from - kayıp also undergoes a softening of the consonant -p- to -b-
Note: There are some words in this list which do not soften their root vowel as they may be considered (a) Single Syllable Words or (b) Foriegn Word Imports.
As an example we cite:
- vakit - time, occasion - which becomes - vaktim - my time
Thanks to Wojtek of Poland for corrections and suggestions to the section above - JG - May 2007
Some Examples of Case Suffixes being added
Mehmet filmi seyretmiş - It seems Mehmet watched the film - (film-i)
Here the Direct Object suffix -i affects the noun - filim - film
Ali'nin alnı terliyor - Ali's forehead is sweating - (Ali'nin aln-ı)
Here the word - forehead - is in the Possessive Relationship which affects the noun - alın - shortening it to aln-.
Note: That if we add a suffix which begins with a consonant, then the root word retains its basic form:
- ağızda - in the mouth
- beyinden - from the brain
- kayıptan - from the loss
But of course the root word is NOT shortened (apocopated) as stated above, if the first added suffix begins with a vowel:
- ağzında - [ağz-ı-nda] - in his mouth
- beynimden - [beyn-im-den] - from my brain
- kaybımızdan - [kayb-ımız-dan] - from our loss
Apocopating Noun List
| Nouns which lose their Final Vowel |
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These particular nouns are to be shortened before adding any suffixes beginning with a vowel.
This list is comprehensive to the Turkish language as far as we know. |
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| Basic Noun | Direct Object Form | Basic Meaning |
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| Aciz | | Ağız | | Ahit | | Akıl | | Akıt | | Akis | | Alın | | Asıl | | Asır | | Azim | | Bağır | | Beyin | | Boyun | | Burun | | Cisim | | Cürüm | | Defin | | Devir | | Ecir | | Emir | | Fasil | | Fetih | | Fikir | | Filim | | Geniz | | Göğüs | | Gönül | | Hacım | | Haciz | | - Haciz | | Hapis | | Hasim | | Hazım | | Hışım | Hilkât
Hilkât garibesi | | Hüzün | | İlim | | İsim | | İzin | | Kadir | | Kahır | | Karın | | Kasıt | | - Kasıt | | Kayın | | Kayıp | | Kesir | | Keşif | | Keyif | | Kısım | | Metin | | Nabız | | Nakil | | Nakit | | Nazım | | Nefis | | Nesir | | Neşir | | - Neşir | | Nutuk | | Oğul | | Resim | | Sabır | | Satıh | | Seyir | | Sıkıt | | Şekil | | Şükür | | Tavır | | Ufuk | | Usul | | Vakit | | Vasıf | | - Vasıf | | Zehir | | Zihin | | Zulüm |
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| Aczi - (NOT - acizi) | | Ağzı | | Ahdi | | Aklı | | Aktı | | Aksi | | Alnı | | Aslı | | Asrı | | Azmi | | Bağrı | | Beyni | | Boynu | | Burnu | | Cismi | | Cürmü | | Defni | | Devri | | Ecri | | Emri | | Fasli | | Fethi | | Fikri | | Filmi | | Genzi | | Göğsü | | Gönlü | | Hacmı | | Haczi | | - Haczi | | Hapsi | | Hasmi | | Hazmı | | Hışmı | Hilkti
Idiomatic use | | Hüznü | | İlmi | | İsmi | | İzni | | Kadri | | Kahrı | | Karnı | | Kastı | | - Kastı | | Kaynı | | Kaybı | | Kesri | | Keşfi | | Keyfi | | Kısmı | | Metni | | Nabzı | | Nakli | | Nakdi | | Nazmı | | Nefsi | | Nesri | | Neşri | | - Neşri | | Nutku | | Oğlu | | Resmi | | Sabrı | | Sathı | | Seyri | | Sıktı | | Şekli | | Şükrü | | Tavrı | | Ufku | | Uslü | | Vakti | | Vasfı | | - Vasfı | | Zehri | | Zihni | | Zulmü |
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| Impotence | | Mouth | | Injunction | | Intelligence | | Treaty
| | Reflection | | Forehead | | Origin | | Century | | Determination | | Bosom | | Brain | | Neck | | Nose | | Substance, matter, object | | Crime | | Burial | | Period | | Reward/Wage | | Order ; Command | | Part, chapter | | Conquest | | Idea | | Film(Cinema) | | Nostril | | Breast | | Heart/Desire | | Volume | | Distraint, confiscation, | | - seizure | | Prison | | Enemy, foe, rival | | Digestion | | Rage/Anger | (a) creation
monstrosity, freak | | Grief | | Science | | Name | | Leave/Time off | | Worth/Value | | Anxiety | | Stomach | | Intention, purpose, | | - deliberateness | | Brother-in-law | | Loss | | Fraction (in maths) | | Discovery | | Pleasure | | Part (of) | | Text | | Pulse | | Transport | | Cash | | Verse, poetry | | Self, personality | | Prose | | Publication, editon | | - broadcasting | | Speech, oration | | Son | | Picture | | Patience | | Superficie, plane | | Motion | | Miscarriage | | Form/Shape | | Gratitude | | Mode/Manner | | Horizon | | Mode/Manner | | Time, occasion | | Characteristic, qualification | | - quality | | Poison | | Intellect | | Tyranny, cruelty |
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Many thanks to Fırat Özgül for additions and corrections on this page - JG - 6th Aug. 2006
 Many of these words - especially the parts of the body - (like burun - nose becomes burnum - my nose and beyin - brain becomes beynim - my brain etc. are in constant daily use therefore time should be taken to learn some of this list's common words.
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