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The Mehter Ottoman Military Band |
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TOPIC QUESTIONS |
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The Main SuffixesThe Genitive SuffixThe form of the Genintve suffix is: -in or -nin - (using buffere letter -n-) - when added to words which already end in a vowel, meaning - of, belonging to This suffix is used for ownwership. The grammarians call this the Genitive Case. This suffix is also used gramatically in Turkish to form the Possessive Relationship, which is very important in the Turkish Language. The Possessive Relationship is dealt with at length elsewhere. For the moment let us content ourselves with the Genitive of Ownership The sign of this suffix is -in which is added to the noun singular, plural or extended forms It is of couse subject to Vowel Harmony and causes Consonant Mutation Thus the Vowel Harmonised forms become - -in -ın -ün -un - of , belonging to.. There is an exception for a single noun in Turkish.The word - su - waterThe translation for - of the water - is not - "sunun" , it is - suyun - buffer letter -y is always used with the word - su - water. This exception also applies to the Possessed Case you cannot say for - Fruit Juice - "Meyve Susu" as the buffer letter -y- is always used with this word so - Meyve Suyu - is the correct way to say - Fruit Juice. Formation of the Genitive of OwnershipThe Genitive suffix -in is added to the noun.
It can be seen from the above that the Plural Suffix is added as first suffix. The Possessive Adjective is added second if and finally the Genitive Suffix indicating Ownership or Possession. The Genitive Suffix - Nouns ending in VowelsThe Suffix changes to -nin - of or belonging to - using buffer -n- in order to keep two vowels apart
All suffixes are written apart from any Proper Name which begins with a capital letter - the last two examples above show this accordingly The Buffer Letter -n- used with -in - the Genitive SuffixSuffix -in -ın -ün -un - of or - 's - as in John's This suffix always takes buffer -n- after a vowel thus taking the form - -nin -nın -nün -nun.
The suffix -in - of or -'s - as in - John's - Genitive CaseThe suffix -in -ın -ün -un - of , belonging to.. always takes buffer letter -n- to become -nin -nın -nün -nun - when added to a root word or extended word which ends in a vowel.
The suffix -in always becomes -nin whether suffixed to a Simple Noun or to an already suffixed noun. The Suffix -le -la - with, and, alsoThe word for - with - in Turkish is - ile - this is one word which can stand on its own after the word it modifies. In which case it does not follow vowel harmony rules but is always written and spoken - ile.
However as it can also be suffixed to the word in which case it does follow vowel harmony rules but drops the initial -i of ile and becomes -le -la Which form to use - suffixed or stand-alone - is up to personal choice. Using - ile - with words which end in a vowelWhen adding ile to words that end in a vowel the initial letter -i of -ile changes to a buffer letter -y in order to keep two vowels apart - thus the forms -yla and -yle are used.
If the suffixed form is used then it changes to -yle -yla after vowels. As previously stated, whether to use ile as - stand alone - or as a - suffix - is a free choice of the speaker or writer, but there is a minor change in the meaning: - (see the last four examples which show this difference in the next section below.) Translation of - ile - and, also
The Buffer Letter -y- used with -le and -laSuffix -le -la - with, and, also The word for - with, and, also - in Turkish is - ile. This is one word which can stand on its own after the word it modifies, in which case it does not follow Vowel Harmony Rules but is always written and spoken - ile.
However it can also be suffixed to the word in which case it does follow vowel harmony rules and becomes -le or -la or -yle -yla after vowels.
When -le or -la is suffixed to a root word ending in a vowel then the buffer letter is always -y-
Whether to use - ile - as stand alone or as a suffix is a free choice of the speaker or writer, there is no hard and fast rule. The Suffix -li -lı -lü -lu - originating from.., furnished with..This suffix gives the sense of belonging to something or somewhere, it is widely used with place names - especially to say where one is from. The -li suffix is not seperated from a Proper Noun by an apostophe as other suffuxes generally are - "Londra'lı" would be incorrect - Londralı is correct
This suffix gives the sense of belonging to something or somewhere, it is widely used with place names - especially to say where one is from. Thanks to Bahaddin Cankurt for corrections to this section. - Feb 2006Some Examples
Use of the -li Suffix - Meaning - being furnished with.., containing..This -li suffix also gives the sense of - being furnished with.., contains.. - it is widely used with nouns to make attributive adjectives. An Actual Example of - containing..This is a picture of a sandwich bar's billboard in Hatay Caddesi in Izmir. This picture shows the type of sanwiches available 
In the above examples we can also see Vowel Varmony operating on the suffix -li as it has three of it four forms in this picture. Some Further ExamplesThe meaning of - furnished with.. - is very widely used - especially to make attributive adjectives - tuz - salt - giving - tuzlu - salty - is a prime example. If you use sugar in your tea the you might ask for - şekerli çay - which can mean - sweet tea.., sugared tea.., sugary tea.. - according to context.
Note: We can form plural nouns by adding the -ler or -lar plural suffix to an adjective.
Some More Examples
Note: içkili - furnished with alchoholic drinks - ie: Alchoholic drinks are served The Suffix -siz -sız -süz -suz - without.. un-.. non-.. -less, dis-..This suffix gives the sense of lacking.... It can sometimes be translated as un... as in unavailable or ...less - as in worthless or dis... as in distaste in English
Further Examples
Note: içkisiz - without alchoholic drinks - ie: Alchohol is not served |
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This full detatched suffix - ile - is used to translate - and.. - when the basic meaning is - with.., also....