Turkish Language - About Ki - Who, that, which



Turkish Language - About - Ki In Turkish there are 3 types of - ki.. and its plural -kiler Conjunction: - that, so that, as, but what, but.. Pronoun: - that/those which, which, who.. Idiom: - thus, like that, so it is.. "Ki" as a Conjunction This word ki replaces the English words - who, that, which - when joining two ideas in relation to each other. There is only the one word ki in Turkish as of course Turkish has no gender. Note that it is mandatory to use a comma preceding ki in Turkish in this type of usage to show the subject of the sentence clearly. Oran, ki sen bugün gördün, benim en iyi arkadaşım. - Oran, who you saw today, is my best friend Matematik, ki bir çok insan nefret eder, benim en sevdiğim derstir.Maths, which many people hate, is my favorite class. Ki is also used for joining two sentences together, but this method goes against Turkish Grammar rules. Biliyorum ki beni seviyorsun. - I know that you love me. This method is based on Persian Grammar and is more suitable to European thinking. However the construction shown below comes over as more natural to the Turk: Beni sevdiğini biliyorum. - The correct method according to Turkish grammar Whereas - Biliyorum ki beni seviyorsun. - although understandable is NOT the natural Turkish method. The correct Turkish method uses the -dik Relative Object participle: Beni sevdiğ-in-i biliyorum. - I know that you love me - [Lit: Me that-love-you knowing-am-I] sevdiğ- - that loves + -in - you/your + -i - object marker for the verb biliyorum - I know Thus it becomes that both ideas - "the person" and "their loving" become objects of the verb - I know. This is more suitable to the Turkish point of view. "Ki" as a Suffix Most of the time the suffix ki again signifies - who, that, which - is actually in a locative situation. In Turkish the addition of ki to the object located completes the meaning whereas in English the relative pronoun in this relationship is glossed over or not included at all. Bahçedeki çocuk - The child (who is) in the garden. Note that the us of the relative ki - who, which, that - is necessary in Turkish although in English it can be omitted. For instance if we omit the ki and say - Bahçede çocuk - then in reality it is meaningless, whereas - Bahçedeki çocuk means - The child WHO is in the garden. - showing that "the child" is specific. Elimdeki para - The money (that is) in my hand.., The money (that) I've got. Yanımdaki para yok - I don't have money with me.. - [lit: money that is by my side.] "Ki" as an Idiom This ki is often used in comparison as in: oysa ki - if it is thus, if that's the way it is, thus, so then... hal bu ki - the condition is this, that is the way it is, so then... These days these utterances are regularly found written as a single word (in truth they are not), and have found a way into the language as such - oysaki - so.., then.., halbuki - It's this way..., like this.. "Ki" as a Relative Pronoun In the completion of descriptive nouns, the suffix -ki can be added to the completed noun and then used in place of the noun + noun completion. Ali'nin arabası, Ayşe'nin arabasından daha güzeldir. - Ali's car is better than Ayşe's car. Ali'nin arabası, Ayşe'ninkinden daha güzeldir. - Ali's car is better than Ayşe's (one). Bizim koltuklar [Koltuklarımız], Fatmalar'ın koltuklarından daha yenidir. - Our chairs are newer that Fatma's chairs. Bizimkiler, Fatmalar'ın koltuklarından daha yenidir. - Our ones are newer that Fatma's chairs. Bahçenin domatesi, seranın domatesinden daha lezzetlidir. - Our tomatoes are tastier than the greenhouse tomatoes Bahçeninkiler, seraninkinden daha lezzetlidir. - The garden ones are tastier than the greenhouse ones. *"Ahmet'in kitabi"* yerine *"Ahmet'inki."* - "Ahmet's one" in the place of "Ahmet's book." "Kiler"in the plural Just as an example: içindekiler - contents [Lit: those which are inside] Odanın içindekileri hepsi kiralımış - Apparently all the room's contents are on hire The following notes are thanks to - Omero (AllTheLyrics Forum) The Suffix -ki (by Omero) -ki is really one of the strangest suffixes used in Turkish: -ki when used as suffix. It is used to create adjectives of words, which describe place or time 1. The cat is sick. - Kedi hasta. The sick cat - Hasta kedi. 2. The cat is at home. - Kedi evde. The cat, (which is) at home - Evdeki kedi. In No. 1. hasta is originally an adjective, so it can be used as an adjective without any change In No.2 at home is an adverbial expression of place . If you want to use such an expression as an adjective, you have to put a -ki at it. Another example: Sokakta yaşayan adam. - The man who lives on the street. (yaşayan is regarded as an adjective - it is the present participle - living) Sokaktaki adam. - The man, who is on the street. (as sokakta is not an adjective, but a noun plus suffix, you have to add a -ki to make an adjective of it. If you say: Adam sokakta. - The man is on the street. Here, sokakta is not an adjective but a noun indicating the location - therefore no -ki here. Vowel changes to ki -ki is not subject to the vowel changes but with one exception: -kü exists, so whenever it is added to a word, the last vowel of which is ö or ü , it has to be -kü. Bugün sinemaya gidelim - Let us go to the cinema today. Bugünkü planımız, sinemaya gitmek. - Our plan for today (Today's plan) is to got to the cinema. Dünkü hava çok güzeldi. - Yesterday's weather was nice. In both cases, the words bugün/dün are used in adjective-like functions. If you say the first one without -kü Dün hava çok güzeldi. it would mean Yesterday the weather was nice. Ki as a separate word What about the ki which is written separately... a big problem: The film was so sad, that I had to cry. - Film o kadar üzücüydü ki, ağladım. The weather was so foggy, that I hardly saw anything. - Hava o kadar sisliydi ki, hiç bir şey göremiyordum. Herkes bilir ki, dünya yuvarlaktır. - Everybody knows that the world is round. Oturdum ki, biraz dinleneyim - I sat down (in order) to have a rest. There are alternatives to use instead. For example I sat down to rest could also be Dinlenmek için oturdum Everybody knows that the world is round could also be Herkes dünyanın yuvarlak olduğunu bilir My suggestion: avoid this separate ki if you are a beginner, until you get used to it. Native speakers use it correctly, but it is not easy to describe, when exactly. The various meanings of -ki (suffix) and ki (stand alone word) The English-Turkish dictionary says for ki : 1. who, which, that 2. so... that, such... that 3. seeing, considering that 4. as, though 5. when 6. ..., I wonder? 7. in, of Confused????? Me too!!!! So just concentrate on the other -ki which is used to make an Adjective of Location, which is really much more important.	Double-Click anywhere for Top of Page

Turkish Language - About - Ki

In Turkish there are 3 types of - ki.. and its plural -kiler

Conjunction: - that, so that, as, but what, but..
Pronoun: - that/those which, which, who..
Idiom: - thus, like that, so it is..

"Ki" as a Conjunction

This word ki replaces the English words - who, that, which - when joining two ideas in relation to each other. There is only the one word ki in Turkish as of course Turkish has no gender. Note that it is mandatory to use a comma preceding ki in Turkish in this type of usage to show the subject of the sentence clearly.
Oran, ki sen bugün gördün, benim en iyi arkadaşım. - Oran, who you saw today, is my best friend
Matematik, ki bir çok insan nefret eder, benim en sevdiğim derstir.Maths, which many people hate, is my favorite class.

Ki is also used for joining two sentences together, but this method goes against Turkish Grammar rules.
Biliyorum ki beni seviyorsun. - I know that you love me.
This method is based on Persian Grammar and is more suitable to European thinking. However the construction shown below comes over as more natural to the Turk:
Beni sevdiğini biliyorum. - The correct method according to Turkish grammar
Whereas - Biliyorum ki beni seviyorsun. - although understandable is NOT the natural Turkish method. The correct Turkish method uses the -dik Relative Object participle:
Beni sevdiğ-in-i biliyorum. - I know that you love me - [Lit: Me that-love-you knowing-am-I]
sevdiğ- - that loves + -in - you/your + -i - object marker for the verb biliyorum - I know
Thus it becomes that both ideas - "the person" and "their loving" become objects of the verb - I know. This is more suitable to the Turkish point of view.

"Ki" as a Suffix

Most of the time the suffix ki again signifies - who, that, which - is actually in a locative situation. In Turkish the addition of ki to the object located completes the meaning whereas in English the relative pronoun in this relationship is glossed over or not included at all.
Bahçedeki çocuk - The child (who is) in the garden.
Note that the us of the relative ki - who, which, that - is necessary in Turkish although in English it can be omitted. For instance if we omit the ki and say - Bahçede çocuk - then in reality it is meaningless, whereas - Bahçedeki çocuk means - The child WHO is in the garden. - showing that "the child" is specific.
Elimdeki para - The money (that is) in my hand.., The money (that) I've got.
Yanımdaki para yok - I don't have money with me.. - [lit: money that is by my side.]

"Ki" as an Idiom

This ki is often used in comparison as in:
oysa ki - if it is thus, if that's the way it is, thus, so then...
hal bu ki - the condition is this, that is the way it is, so then...
These days these utterances are regularly found written as a single word (in truth they are not), and have found a way into the language as such - oysaki - so.., then.., halbuki - It's this way..., like this..

"Ki" as a Relative Pronoun

In the completion of descriptive nouns, the suffix -ki can be added to the completed noun and then used in place of the noun + noun completion.

Ali'nin arabası, Ayşe'nin arabasından daha güzeldir. - Ali's car is better than Ayşe's car.
Ali'nin arabası, Ayşe'ninkinden daha güzeldir. - Ali's car is better than Ayşe's (one).

Bizim koltuklar [Koltuklarımız], Fatmalar'ın koltuklarından daha yenidir. - Our chairs are newer that Fatma's chairs.
Bizimkiler, Fatmalar'ın koltuklarından daha yenidir. - Our ones are newer that Fatma's chairs.

Bahçenin domatesi, seranın domatesinden daha lezzetlidir. - Our tomatoes are tastier than the greenhouse tomatoes
Bahçeninkiler, seraninkinden daha lezzetlidir. - The garden ones are tastier than the greenhouse ones.

"Ahmet'in kitabi" yerine "Ahmet'inki." - "Ahmet's one" in the place of "Ahmet's book."

"Kiler"in the plural

Just as an example:
içindekiler - contents [Lit: those which are inside]
Odanın içindekileri hepsi kiralımış - Apparently all the room's contents are on hire

The following notes are thanks to - Omero (AllTheLyrics Forum)

The Suffix -ki (by Omero)

-ki is really one of the strangest suffixes used in Turkish: -ki when used as suffix.

It is used to create adjectives of words, which describe place or time
1. The cat is sick. - Kedi hasta.
The sick cat - Hasta kedi.
2. The cat is at home. - Kedi evde.
The cat, (which is) at home - Evdeki kedi.
In No. 1. hasta is originally an adjective, so it can be used as an adjective without any change
In No.2 at home is an adverbial expression of place . If you want to use such an expression as an adjective, you have to put a -ki at it.

Another example:

Sokakta yaşayan adam. - The man who lives on the street.
(yaşayan is regarded as an adjective - it is the present participle - living)
Sokaktaki adam. - The man, who is on the street.
(as sokakta is not an adjective, but a noun plus suffix, you have to add a -ki to make an adjective of it.
If you say: Adam sokakta. - The man is on the street. Here, sokakta is not an adjective but a noun indicating the location - therefore no -ki here.

Vowel changes to ki

-ki is not subject to the vowel changes but with one exception: -kü exists, so whenever it is added to a word, the last vowel of which is ö or ü , it has to be -kü.
Bugün sinemaya gidelim - Let us go to the cinema today.
Bugünkü planımız, sinemaya gitmek. - Our plan for today (Today's plan) is to got to the cinema.
Dünkü hava çok güzeldi. - Yesterday's weather was nice.
In both cases, the words bugün/dün are used in adjective-like functions.
If you say the first one without -kü
Dün hava çok güzeldi. it would mean Yesterday the weather was nice.

Ki as a separate word

What about the ki which is written separately... a big problem:
The film was so sad, that I had to cry. - Film o kadar üzücüydü ki, ağladım.
The weather was so foggy, that I hardly saw anything. - Hava o kadar sisliydi ki, hiç bir şey göremiyordum.
Herkes bilir ki, dünya yuvarlaktır. - Everybody knows that the world is round.
Oturdum ki, biraz dinleneyim - I sat down (in order) to have a rest.

There are alternatives to use instead.
For example I sat down to rest could also be Dinlenmek için oturdum
Everybody knows that the world is round could also be Herkes dünyanın yuvarlak olduğunu bilir
My suggestion: avoid this separate ki if you are a beginner, until you get used to it.
Native speakers use it correctly, but it is not easy to describe, when exactly.

The various meanings of -ki (suffix) and ki (stand alone word)

The English-Turkish dictionary says for ki :
1. who, which, that
2. so... that, such... that
3. seeing, considering that
4. as, though
5. when
6. ..., I wonder?
7. in, of
Confused????? Me too!!!!
So just concentrate on the other -ki which is used to make an Adjective of Location, which is really much more important.