Showing some Turkish verb forms
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It is shown here for the interest of Turkish learners.
The Subjunctive 3rd person singular - indicates repeated or continuing activity simultaneous with the main verb.
geçe - meaning - passing - from - geçmek - to pass, (indicates the time at which something happens):
Saat dörde on geçe geldiler. - They came at ten past four. - [Lit: Hour from-four ten passing they-came.]
diye - meaning - saying - from - demek - to say - (indicates what the sigh says):
TEHLIKE diye bir levha - A sign saying DANGER - [Lit: DANGER saying a sign.]
rasgele (rast gele) - haphazardly or randomly - from - rast gelmek - to meet by chance [indicates the manner of doing]
Bazen rasgele düşüncelerim var. - Sometime I have random thoughts
Repeated, it has an idiomatic use:
Gide gide postaneye mi gittin? - Going and going, was it to the post-office you went? - meaning:
(After all that, couldn't you find anywhere better to go than to the post office?)
Güle güle - (Leave)smilingly - said to someone who is departing. Gülmek - to smile.
Güle güle kullan! - Use it with smile! - said to someone who has obtained a new item that they desired.
This adverb is constructed by the addition of the suffix -rek or -rak to the third person singular of subjunctive mood of the verb yields a gerund, meaning by doing or as a. It produces a single act or continued activity simultaneous with or slightly before the main verb. Often meaning by doing or with doing:
bilerek = knowingly
bilmeyerek = unknowingly
Kapıyı açarak evden gitti. - Opening the door, he left the house.
Used with negative verbs
bilmeyerek - unknowingly
istemeyerek - reluctantly
Koşarak (kös-a-rak) gitti. - He went a-running.
Gülerek (gül-e-rek) baktı. - She looked laughingly.
Teşekkür ederek (ed-e-rek) evden çıktı. - Thanking (his host), he left the house.
Telefon ederek (ed-e-rek) sordunuz mu? - Have you inquired by telephoning?
Gülümseyerek; (gülümsi-ye-rek) karşılık vermiş. - She answered smilingly.
Yürüyerek (yürü-ye-rek) gideceğim. - I shall go by foot (by walking).
Otomobile atlayarak (atla-ya-rak) kaçmış. - By jumping into a car he escaped.
Bavulunu alarak (al-a-rak) taksiyi bindi. - Taking his luggage, he got on a train.
Kapıyı açarak (aç-a-rak) odama girdim. - Opening the door I entered the room.
Special case olarak (from olmak - to become)
Olarak (ol-a-rak from olmak - to become) is widely used
as in following examples: (Best translated by as a or being)
Dost olarak - As a friend (being a friend)
kesin olarak - definitely (being sure)
Memur olarak - As a civil servant ( being a civil servant)
ilk kez olarak - for first time (being the first time)
-(y)erek/-(y)arak shows an action accompanying or preceding that of the main verb in the sentence. The gerund formed by affixing -rek or -rak to the Subjunctive Base [-y)e or -(y)a] is the same for all verbs. The tense and person is taken from the main verb at the end of the sentence.
Used when there are two verbs with identical suffixes joined by and/also to simplify the first one.
Kalkıp gittik. [not - kalktık gittik.] - We got up and we left
Oturup konuşuyorlar. ( not oturuyorlar konuşuyorlar.) - They are sitting and talking.
Gidip bakmalıyız - We must go and see.
Signifies action just prior to the main verb:
This often best easily translated by - On doing or When in English:
Otobüs gelince kalkarım. - When the bus arrives, I will get up. - [on the bus arriving, I will get up.]
This signifies - until [lit: to-the-on-doing the-amount]
Otobüs gelinceye kadar, gidemedik. - Until the bus comes, we cannot go. [the amount to the bus on coming, we cannot go]
Otobüs varıncaya kadar, gidemedik. - Until the bus arrives, we cannot go. [the amount to the bus on arriving, we cannot go]
Otobüs duruncaya kadar, inmeyin. - Until the bus stops, do not alight. [the amount to the bus stopping, do not get off]
The Turkish here is cumbersome so it is best learned and translated as until
The meaning is until but less formal
Otobüs gelene kadar, gidemedik. - Until the bus arrives, we cannot go.
he meaning is to the point of
Dervişler bayılasıya fırıl fırıl döndüler. - The dervishes whirled to the point of fainting.
All the means since with the -di past ending conjugated as needed.
Since we came to Istanbul it has not rained.
Biz İstanbul'a geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı.
Biz İstanbul'a geleli beri hiç yağmur yağmadı.
Biz İstanbul'a geleliden beri hiç yağmur yağmadı.
Biz İstanbul'a geldik geleli hiç yağmur yağmadı.
meaning: before, without - followed by evvel or önce to mean before.
Siz gitmeden evvel beni uyandırınız. - Wake me up before you go.
after doing, the converse of -meden evvel / -meden önce
Beni uyandırdıktan sonra gidiniz. - Leave after waking me.
Used to mean , or literally, as I was between the states of doing and not-doing:
Ben oturur oturmaz telefon çaldı. - As soon as I was sitting down, the telephone rang.
Dünyanın dönme hızı gittikçe artıyor. - The more the world spins its speeds increases.
We can see that gittikçe - as it goes - can be translated as - gradually
Dünyanın dönme hızı gittikçe artıyor. - The world's spin speed is gradully increasing.
Similarly from olmak - to become/to be we can form oldukça - as it becomes/as it is which we translate as - quite
O kız oldukça güzel görünüyor - That girl over there is quite good looking.
Adam yaşadıkça yaşlanıyor - Man ages as he lives. OR All the time that man is living he gets older.
Ben fırıl fırıl döndükçe, fırıl fırıl döneceğim gelir! - derviş dedi. - "The more I whirl, the more I feel like whirling!", the dervish said.
O, kapıyı açtıktan başka, evden gittim. - He, in addition to opening the door, left the house.
O çalıştığı müddetçe şarki söyler. - He sings all the time he works.
Bağırdığım halde kimse yardıma gelmedi. - Although I shouted, no one came.
Bacağı alçıda olduğu halde eve döndü. - He returned home with his leg plastered.
Bir hali aldığı için, vergi ödemeliyim. - Because of my purchasing a carpet, taxes I must pay.
İstediğiniz kadar kalınız. - Stay as long as you want.
Senin uyuduğun kadar ben uyuyamam. - I cannot sleep as much as you do.
İzmir'e yürüyeceğine, otobüsü bineceğim. - Instead of walking to Izmir, I will ride a bus.
Günümü hep yazı yazmakla geçirdim. - All of my day I spent by writing.
Ankara'ya gitmektense, İstanbul'a gittim. - Rather than go to Ankara, I went to Istanbul.
Otobüsü binmeksizin, İstanbul'a gittim. - Without riding a bus, I went to Istanbul.
Otobüsü binmeden, İstanbul'a gittim. - Without riding a bus, I went to Istanbul.