Turkish Language - The Irregular Wide Tense Verb List

The famous thirteen irregular single syllable verbs in the Simple Present. Twelve of them end their root in -l or -r.
The single exception which root ends in -n (of these famous 13 exceptions) is - sanmak - which has the form - sanır - to suppose

Turkish Single Syllable Verbs - Undotted Vowel Group - A I O U

Regular verbs use the regular tense sign -ar - as an example - The Wide Tense Root of atmak - to throw - becomes - atar - as in - at-ar-ım - I throw

Note that one of the duties that the Causative Verb form carries out is to make intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take an object) into a transitive verb (verbs that do take an object).
The verb - durmak - to stop/to halt - is such a word:
Araba caddede durdu - The car stopped in the street. - (No object in this sentence - it is intransitive)
Mehmet, arabayı caddede durdurdu - Mehmet stopped the car in the street. - (The object in this sentence is arabyı - the car - it is a transitive sentence)

Turkish Single Syllable Verbs - Dotted Vowel Group - E İ Ö Ü

Regular verbs use the regular tense sign -er - as an example - The Wide Tense Root of geçmek - to pass - becomes - geçer - as in - geç-er-im - I pass

The translation of the Causative is literal here. We have to consider that in translation we may use a different verb in English. If we look at the first example, the Causative of - "to know" - has been literally translated as - "to make know, to cause to know" - of course we may translate this verb into English as - "to notify, to publish etc..". We must always bear this in mind when translating Causative Verbs from Turkish into English.
The Verb Stem of these Irregulars ends in an -l or an -r - with one exception - sanmak - to suppose - which ends in -n. Many of these verbs are in common daily use, and should be committed to memory.